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In illiterate societies, story-telling is a way of ( ) .

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. It is extremely likely that ancient people ____.( )

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Anthropologists have been curious about ( ) .

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Though wood and skins rot away, anthropologists can learn a great deal from ( ) .

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In some parts of the world people are still ( ) to write.

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They can preserve their history ( ) down legends.

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The ( ) why these legends are useful is that theytell us about migrations.

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There weren't ( ) of them who could write down what they did.

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The only way they can preserve their history is to ( ) stories.

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. The people who lived long ago could not ( ) their history.( )

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Some sagas tell us about the ( ) of Polynesian peoples.

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Tools made of stone, especially flint, were made by ( ) .

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Spiders are our friends because they ( ) .

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Birds and beasts ( ) .

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If spiders were insects, they would ( ) .

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Spiders are active in killing insects ( ) .

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It would ( ) impossible for us to live in this world if insects had no enemies.

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We owe ( ) to the birds and beast who eat insects.

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How many spiders are involved ( ) this work on our behalf?

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There are many different ( ) spiders.

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Spiders ( ) insects.

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You can see at a glance that spiders are not ( ) insects.

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Spiders are creatures with large ( ) .

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Spiders like to eat more than ( ) a day.

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Modern climbers differ from their predecessors because they ( ) .

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It is probably true to say that modern climbers ( ) .

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The pioneers had a hard time because ( ) .

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It is probably true to say that early climbers ( ) .

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Earlier climbers liked summits ( ) had never been climbed before.

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( ) single aim was getting to the top.

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( ) Zermatt and Chamonix, most places were unknown.

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( ) were generally dirty and flea-ridden.

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In the pioneering days this was not the ( ) at all.

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They often faced difficulties of the most ( ) nature.

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.. all washed down with ( ) wine.

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Often a valley ( ) no inn at all.

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Solid doors and walls are ( ) .

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Vera Petrova's father ( ) .

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The scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk ( ) .

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Which one of these statements is true?

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Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people ( ) can read ..

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One day she came into his office and put her hands on the door of the safe ( ) .

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( ) these tests were being conducted, shewas able to read a newspaper.

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Vera couldn't ‘see ’ with her skin ( ) she was blind fold.

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This ability was first ( ) by her father.

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Vera 's curious talent was brought to the ( ) of a research institute.

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.. wearing stockings and slippers, she was able to ( ) colors with her foot.

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This ability ( ) the moment her hands were wet.

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What's the main difference between young people and old people?

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One of the things young people want to do is to ( ) .

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According to the writer, young people ( ) .

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The writer doesn't believe that ( ) .

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The problem, if there is one, ( ) by older people.

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For one thing, if you ( ) a problem, you have a certain identity.

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( ) to be linked with life, and the origin of things.

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It is ( ) they are conceited and ill-mannered.

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Let us get down to ( ) .

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Perhaps that's where the ( ) is.

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Identity is one of the things in life the young are busy ( ) .

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That's what I( ) when I meet a young person.

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The writer questions the assumption that ( ) .

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According to the writer, the only purpose of competitive games is ( ) .

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A competitive sportsman is likely to feel ( ) if he loses.

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At the international level ( ) .

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If only ( ) possible for the common peoples to meet each other.

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You play ( ) win.

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The village green is the ( ) you pick sides.

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( ) the question of national prestige arises..

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If we could meet at football, we would have no ( ) to meet on the battlefield.

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You could ( ) from general principles that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred.

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If you lose, the ( ) combative instincts are aroused.

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The ( ) thing is not the behaviour of the players..

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What happens if you shout on a mountainside?

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You can measure the depth of the sea by ( ) .

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The echo-location principle means you can even ( ) .

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Bats use echo-location to ( ) .

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Not ( ) sound made by animals serves as language.

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We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case( ) the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

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( ) he shout in the vicinity of a wall, an echo will come back.

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( ) the echo-sounding apparatus was born.

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The voice plays a strictly ( ) role.

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A sound made by ( ) the hull of a ship..

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The sound varies ( ) the size and nature of the object.

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A ( ) of fish will do this.

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Which one of these statements is true?

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An electric razor made in the EU can only be sold in the US ( ) .

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Business people on both sides of the Atlantic ( ) .

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The main difference between the two sides is that ( ) .

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American farmers can't export chickens to Europe( ) differences in national regulations.

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An electric razor from the EU ( ) sold in the US unless it meets US standards.

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America and the EU ( ) to reach a deal.

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The details are ( ) that they may be hard-pressed to get a deal.

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There are many differences in national ( ) .

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An electric razor that ( ) Europe must be approved by American testers.

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America and the EU have been trying to get ( ) double tests.

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Although negotiators are ( ) ..

填空

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport , and the more difficult it is , the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this （　　　） [be] not the case at all. The early climbers （　　　）[look] for the easiest way to the top because the summit （　　　）[be] the prize they（　　　）[seek], especially if it （　　　） [never attain] before. It is true that during their explorations they often （　　　）[face] difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which （　　　） [make] a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they （　　　） [not go] out of their way to court such excitement. They （　　　）[have] a single aim, a solitary goal—the top! [书 P19 B]

填空

1 )Several cases （　　　）[report] in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colors with their fingers. 2] This ability （　　　）first （　　　） [notice] by her father. 3] Vera's curious talent （　　　） [ bring ] to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she （　　　） [give] a series of tests by a special commission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic. 4] It （　　　）also（　　　） [ find ] that although she （　　　） [ can ] perceive things with her fingers this ability（　　　） [ cease ] the moment her hands （　　　）[ be ] wet . [书 P25 A]

填空

1] If he（　　　）[make] any trouble, he will be asked to leave the meeting. [书 P38 B] 2] You will feel much better when you（　　　） [stop] smoking. 3] As soon as he （　　　） [arrive] in New York , he will send me a fax. 4] You can wait here until the rain（　　　） [stop]. 5] When you（　　　）[move] to your new house, you will be far more comfortable than you are now.

简答

Ancient rock paintings have been found in many parts of Spain and Portugal.