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Effective communication is when you are being understood and you are able to get your [1]( )across to anyone you communicate with. Moreover, your sufficient understanding of another person’s message also denotes good communication [2]( ).有效的沟通是当你被理解,并且你能够把你的信息传递给任何与你沟通的人。此外,你对另一个人信息的充分理解也表明良好的沟通能力。
Good and healthy communication per se is a two-way process. One person talks, the other one [3]( ), and vice versa. If you are doing the talking all by yourself, that does not make you a(n) [4]( )communicator. You may even turn out to be a conversation “monopolizer”.良好的健康沟通本身就是一种双向过程。一个人说话,另一个人倾听,反之亦然。如果你自己一个人说话,那并不能让你成为一个（n）有效沟通者。你甚至可能成为谈话的“垄断者”。
Your communication skills are essential in [5]( ) interpersonal skills.Facing and talking with [6]( ) people, giving your opinions about any [7]( )brought to the table, and initiating conversations are just a few examples of how effective communication may be [8]( ) . In developing people skills, building your communication ability is one of the [9]( ) steps you should consider. Start with your speaking skills and then level them up to more complicated aspects such as resolving conflicts, negotiating, and persuading.你的沟通技巧在增强人际关系技能方面至关重要。面对和谈论不同的人,对任何话题发表意见,发起对话,只是有效沟通的几个例子。在培养人际交往能力方面,建立你的沟通能力是你应该考虑的基本步骤之一。从你的口语技巧开始,然后将其提升到更复杂的方面,如解决冲突、谈判和说服。
Encourage yourself to express your ideas verbally and don’t [10]( ) to speak up in a group conversation or even just with a partner. This is a good start in developing your communication skills. Once you are heard, you will find out what people think about you, how they respond to your views, and how well you are able to carry on with the conversation. 鼓励自己用口头表达自己的想法,不要犹豫,在小组谈话中甚至只是与合作伙伴交谈。这是发展你的沟通技巧的良好开端。一旦你被听到,你就会发现别人对你的看法,他们对你的观点的反应,以及你能够很好地进行谈话。
[A] Enhancing
[B] listens
[C] fundamental
[D]different
[E] topic
[F]talent
[G] hesitate
[H] message
[I]rapid
[J]demonstrated
[K]ability
[L]effective
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Critical thinking is the ability to apply reasoning and logic to new or[1]( )ideas, opinions, and situations. Thinking critically involves seeing things in an open-minded way and [2]( )an idea or concept from as many angles as possible. This important skill allows people to look beyond their own views of the world and to better understand the [3]( )of others. It is often used in debates, to form more cogent and well-rounded arguments, and in science.批判性思维是将推理和逻辑应用于新的或不熟悉的想法、观点和情况的能力。批判性思维包括以开放的心态看待事物，并从尽可能多的角度审视一个想法或概念。这种重要的技能使人们能够超越自己对世界的看法，更好地理解他人的观点。它经常用于辩论中，以形成更有说服力和全面的论点，并在科学中。
The ability to think critically is [4]( ),as it creates new possibilities in solving [5]( ). Being open-minded is a large part of critical thinking, allowing a person not only to seek out all possible answers to a problem,but also to accept an answer that is different from what was originally [6]( ). Open-minded thinking requires a person not to assume that his or her way of approaching a situation is always right or the best. A scientist,for example, must be ready to accept the results of an experiment which are not what is expected. Such results, though [7]( ),often lead to tremendous and meaningful discoveries. 批判性思维的能力是必不可少的，因为它在解决问题时创造了新的可能性。开放思维是批判性思维的重要组成部分，它不仅可以让人找出解决问题的所有可能答案，还可以让人接受与最初预期不同的答案。开放思维要求一个人不要假设他或她处理某种情况的方式总是对的或最好的。例如，科学家必须准备好接受实验结果与预期不符的情况。虽然这些结果具有挑战性，但它们往往会导致巨大而有意义的发现。
Critical thinking often relies on the ability to view the world in a way that does not focus on oneself. Empathizing with a person usually involves a thinker trying to put himself or herself in the place of someone else. This is often done by students of history, for example, in a(n) [8]( )to see the present world while living in ancient times. Communication [9]( ), teamwork, and cooperation are typically improved through empathy, which makes it [10]( )in many professional fields.批判性思维通常依赖于以一种不关注自己的方式看待世界的能力。与某人共情通常涉及思考者试图将自己置于他人的位置。例如，历史专业的学生经常这样做，试图在生活在古代的同时看到当今世界。沟通技巧、团队合作和合作通常通过共情得到改善，这使得它在许多专业领域都很有价值。
[A]challenging
[B]essential
[C] examining
[D] skills
[E]unfamiliar
[F]opinions
[G] attempt
[H] expected
[I]try
[J]problems
[K]valuable
[L]familiar
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Creativity is the ability to [1]( ) the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated [2]( ), and to generate solutions. People are creative whenever they look at or think about things in a new way.创造力是以新的方式感知世界的能力，发现隐藏的模式，在看似不相关的现象之间建立联系，并产生解决方案的能力。当人们以新的方式看待或思考事物时，他们是有创造力的。
Creativity is the ability to see [3]( ) between different things. If people are creative, they can remake things or carry out [4]( ). Creativity is reflected in people’s daily routines, such as finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange furniture to make it more [5]( ), or adjusting camera lenses to take unusual photographs. Creative people have the drive to make use of new ideas and apply them to achieve new results.创造力是看到不同事物之间关系的能力。如果人们有创造力，他们就可以改造事物或进行创新。创造力体现在人们的日常活动中，比如找到一种更有效的学习方法，或者一种更好的布置家具的方法，使其更方便，或者调整相机镜头，拍摄不寻常的照片。有创造力的人有动力利用新想法并将其应用于实现新结果。
Scientists are often creative thinkers. They come up with new ideas, or are the first to develop [6]( ) things in the world or make new [7]( ).科学家往往是富有创造力的思想家。他们提出新的想法，或率先开发世界上某些事物或进行新的发现。
For example, Isaac Newton, seeing an apple fall to the ground, was struck with a flash of creative brilliance that would change the world in 1666. After working on his ideas about gravity for around 20 years, he finally [8]( ) his groundbreaking book in 1687.例如，艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）在1666年看到苹果落地时，灵光一闪，创造性地改变了世界。在研究了大约20年的重力理论后，他终于在1687年出版了他的开创性著作。
Creativity is based on learning. People, with good knowledge of different [9]( ) and an open and daring mind, can fulfill whatever tasks are assigned to them creatively. But creativity also goes hand in hand with failure. Since creative people usually explore what has not been done before, they are likely to meet with difficulties and have to face failures. However, each failure brings them more [10]( ) and makes them more creative. In the long run, they would surely be successful.创造力基于学习。具有不同学科的良好知识和开放大胆心态的人，可以创造性地完成分配给他们的任何任务。但创造力也与失败相伴。由于创造性的人通常探索以前没有做过的事情，他们可能会遇到困难，不得不面对失败。然而，每一次失败都会给他们带来更多的知识，使他们更具创造力。从长远来看，他们肯定会成功。
[A]innovations
[B]discoveries
[C]knowledge
[D]certain
[E]disciplines
[F]perceive
[G]phenomena
[H]convenient
[I]surroundings
[J] quite
[K]relationships
[L]published
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Cooperation and competition are both important. They are attributes that are equally necessary for a person to [1]( ) success in his or her life. 合作和竞争都很重要。它们是一个人在生活中交换成功所必需的属性。
If you lived on a farm 200 years ago, cooperation was less important for a successful life, just working hard in your [2]( ), feeding your fowls and cows. But in modern times, people are living more and more cooperatively. For example, in a football game, all players on the team must work with joint [3]( ) in order to win the game. Such activities require teamwork. You can see workers on the assembly line doing their parts of work [4]( ), but you can hardly see any products [ 5]( ) by only one person. With rapid [6]( ) of transportation and communication systems like the Internet, cooperation is becoming more and more indispensable and vital for a person to survive in this world.如果你生活在200年前的农场，合作对于成功的生活不那么重要，只要努力工作，喂养你的家禽和奶牛。但在现代，人们越来越合作地生活。例如，在一场足球比赛中，球队的所有队员必须共同努力才能赢得比赛。这样的活动需要团队合作。你可以看到装配线上的工人各自做着自己的工作，但你很难看到一个人完成的产品。随着互联网等交通和通信系统的快速发展，合作对于一个人在这个世界上生存变得越来越不可或缺和至关重要。
Competition is also very important in modern society. If you are an entrepreneur and wish customers to buy your products, you have to [7]( ) with others. Competition stimulates people to improve their work and makes the world develop rapidly.在现代社会，竞争也非常重要。如果你是一个企业家，希望顾客购买你的产品，你必须与其他人竞争。竞争激励人们改进工作，使世界迅速发展。
Both cooperation and competition are [8]( ) in every field of life and work. Actually, in many activities both are required. For instance, in learning English, we compete with each other. As a result, we all make great progress. Our study also demands teamwork. We often help each other by pointing out each other’s mistakes and [9]( ) ideas. 合作和竞争都涉及生活和工作中的每一个领域。事实上，在许多活动中，两者都是需要的。例如，在学习英语时，我们互相竞争。结果，我们都取得了很大的进步。我们的学习也需要团队合作。我们经常通过指出对方的错误和交流想法来互相帮助。
While we advocate competition, we should not neglect cooperation. Human beings are social beings. No one can survive without help from others. Only with both cooperation and competition can we achieve success and live in peace and [10]( ) with each other.虽然我们提倡竞争，但我们不应该忽视合作。人是社会动物。没有人能在没有他人帮助的情况下生存。只有通过合作和竞争，我们才能实现成功，相互和平和谐地生活。
[A]involved
[B]accomplished
[C]achieve
[D]compete
[E] harmony
[F]force
[G]exchanging
[H] fight
[I]efforts
[J]individuall
[K]fields
[L]development
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You have most likely heard this many times: We are living in a(n) [1]( ) world. While people have been interacting with others across cultures for [2]( )more people are doing so today than in the past. And in today’s global business world, many will find themselves interacting where [3]( ) communication skills are very important.你很可能已经听过很多次了：我们生活在一个全球化的世界。尽管几个世纪以来，人们一直在跨文化与其他人互动，但今天这样做的人比以往任何时候都多。在今天的全球商业世界中，许多人会发现自己在跨文化沟通技巧非常重要的地方进行互动。
First, developing intercultural understanding is [4]( ) if we want to communicate successfully when conducting business in a foreign country. Besides, developing intercultural communication skills is necessary to [5]( ) good interpersonal relations with people and to communicate effectively when cultural differences [6]( ).首先，如果我们想在国外做生意时成功沟通，发展跨文化理解是必不可少的。此外，发展跨文化沟通技巧对于与人们建立良好的人际关系以及在文化差异存在时有效沟通是必要的。
But before we discuss intercultural communication skills, we need to define culture. The word “culture” can mean different things in different [7]( ). For example, how would you define Chinese culture and Western culture? How would that definition[8]( ) for a Chinese citizen abroad or at home? When we talk about culture, are we talking about national culture, ethnic culture, or institutional culture? What is the role of [9]( ) in defining culture? What about values and beliefs? As you may guess, it is not always easy to define culture because most cultures are complex and change over time. Therefore, it is difficult to provide a generalized definition. Nevertheless, it’s still important for us to have some ideas about what the word “culture” means.但在我们讨论跨文化沟通技巧之前，我们需要定义文化。“文化”这个词在不同的上下文中可以有不同的含义。例如，你会如何定义中国文化与西方文化？这个定义对于海外或国内的中国公民来说有什么不同？当我们谈论文化时，我们谈论的是民族文化、民族文化还是制度文化？地理在定义文化中起什么作用？价值观和信仰呢？正如你可能猜到的，定义文化并不总是那么容易，因为大多数文化都是复杂的，而且会随时间而变化。因此，很难提供一个通用的定义。尽管如此，我们仍然有必要对“文化”一词的含义有一些了解。
As culture is complex, it is dangerous to over generalize when we try to identify cultural patterns. Having a(n) [10]( ) of the complexity of cultures and cultural patterns is important if we are to develop intercultural communication skills.由于文化是复杂的，当我们试图确定文化模式时，过于概括是危险的。如果我们想发展跨文化交际能力，了解文化的复杂性和文化模式是重要的。
[A] differ
[B] essential
[C]globalized
[D] establish
[E] exist
[F]years
[G]geography
[H]intercultural
[I]contexts
[J]understanding
[K]centuries
[L] build
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